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Samples came from police-referred cases in 2022–2024. Psychoactive substances were detected in 65% and alcohol in 48%. Prior consumption information was available for only 82 people.
Interpreting findings
A positive result does not establish covert administration. Missing consumption details limit interpretation.
Context matters
Online publication was in December 2025, before the journal’s 2026 issue.
The date refers to the linked original publication. This summary preserves the context at that date.
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